If communication is not received or understood properly, the result may be reduced business efficiency and mistakes. Ineffective communication may also confuse customers or stop them receiving a ...

Professors Richard Shell and Mario Moussa at the University of Pennsylvania identified key psychological barriers—such as belief bias and self-interest—that distort workplace communication ...

The gap that often exists between what executives say and how they behave helps create barriers to openness and trust, to the effective search for alternatives, to innovation, and to flexibility ...