Space charge effects, arising from the mutual electrostatic repulsion between charged particles in a beam, represent a critical limitation in the performance and stability of high-intensity ...
E-bikes and e-scooters offer a fast and efficient way to get around. But they come with a risk common to all products that use lithium ion batteries: fire. That risk extends to products used in ...
Ion beams can now qualify nuclear reactor materials up to 1,000 times faster than ...