If your introduction to digital electronics came more years ago than you’d care to mention, the chances are you did so with 5V TTL logic. Above 2V but usually pretty close to 5V is a logic 1, below ...

The circuit was designed to create a handy logic probe that can show off the logic states for high, low and pulsing outputs with the use of CMOS 4001 integrated circuit. Logic Probe – a handheld probe ...

In recent years, gallium nitride (GaN) has emerged as a compelling candidate to complement the silicon material used in wireless communication and power conversion applications. Benefits of GaN ...

Nottingham-based SFN (Search for the Next) has characterised its novel transistor-based logic, and claims that it matches CMOS performance even when made in older fabs. It would “enable chip designers ...

As general purpose components, logic devices are used at different frequencies and power supply voltages in many different varieties of applications. This large diversity has produced the need to ...

Since the early 1980s, most electronics have relied on the use of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. However, the principles of CMOS operation, involving a switchable ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Spintronic and multiferroic systems are leading candidates for achieving attojoule-class logic gates for computing, thereby enabling the continuation of Moore’s law for transistor scaling. However, ...

Chipmakers continue to scale the CMOS transistor to finer geometries, but the question is for how much longer. The current thinking is that the CMOS transistor could scale at least to the 3nm node in ...