Wing-beat-frequency data for a variety of flying animals versus the square-root of the animal mass divided by the wing/fin area. A single universal equation can closely approximate the frequency of ...

Consistent coefficient: Wingbeat frequency data for a variety of flying animals (plus a few swimming ones), plotted against the square root of the animal’s mass divided by its wing or fin area.

A single universal equation can closely approximate the frequency of wingbeats and fin strokes made by birds, insects, bats and whales, despite their different body sizes and wing shapes, researchers ...