According to holography, a black hole is dual to a thermal state in a strongly coupled quantum system. One of the best-known examples of holography is the Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory ...

Heat engines near the adiabatic limit typically assume a working medium at thermal equilibrium. However, quantum many-body systems often showcase conservation laws that hinder thermalization, leading ...

In reality, real heat engines are not reversible and lose energy in the form of heat. Thus, the efficiency of a real heat engine is always less than that of a Carnot heat engine operating between the ...