A strong laser beam can remove an electron from an atom – a process which takes place almost instantly. This phenomenon could now be studied with a time resolution of less than ten attoseconds (ten ...

Ionization energy is one of the most important physicochemical parameters. It is defined in terms of the amount of energy required to rip an electron from an atom. The dependence of the ionization ...

This report both complements and extends Technical Reports Series No. 277/2, Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams - An International Code of Practice, IAEA Technical Reports Series ...

Most of us are familiar with silicon solar cells, which can be found on the rooftops of modern houses. These cells are made of two silicon layers, which contain different atoms such as boron and ...

Students learn to describe the pattern in atomic number, atomic mass and atomic radius. Trends on the Periodic Table: Students learn to describe the pattern in atomic number, atomic mass, atomic ...