A simple and convenient way to interface 2 relays for switching application in your project. This relay driver boosts the input impedance with a regular BC547 NPN transistor (or equivalent). Very ...

The holiday gave me a chance to play with bipolar transistor mosfet drivers again. And things did not go quite as planned. I had been using the circuit on the right quite happily from a signal ...

Relays usually are driven using optocouplers, which offer isolation between analog and digital grounds to ensure that switching currents in the relay coils do not affect the noise margin of the ...

A teacher I know is stuck, with only npn transistors in the supply cupboard and the need to create a reversible motor drive for an Arduino project. Reversing ‘bridges’ have four switches (relay ...

The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

If there’s one lesson to be learned from [Aled Cuda]’s pulsed laser driver, it’s that you can treat the current limits on electronic components as a suggestion if the current duration is measured ...

How many remote controls do you have in your home? Don’t you wish all these things were better integrated somehow, or that you could add remote control functionality to a random device? It’s a common ...

Transistors are tiny switches that can be triggered by electric signals. They are the basic building blocks of microchips, and roughly define the difference between electric and electronic devices.

A transistor is a key component in electronics, often used as a switch or to amplify a signal from a sensor. NPN (negative-positive-negative) transistors are the most used transistor. An illustration ...