In Jewish history, few episodes are as dramatic and consequential as the rise and fall of the false messiah Shabbatai Tzvi and the messianic Shabbatean movement that followed. At the heart of this mid ...

Population surveillance. The carrying of identification while traveling. Add to that the public presence of diverse religions and it sounds like 2025, but this was life in the Ottoman Empire 200 years ...

Douglas A. Howard stresses the crucial role of the Ottoman sultans and their extended household, discusses the evolution of the empire's fiscal model, and analyzes favorite works of Ottoman literature ...