Have you ever needed to power a 12-volt relay in a circuit but only had 6 or 9 volts available? This simple circuit will solve that problem. It allows 12-volt relays to be operated from 6 or 9 volts, ...

Higher Capabilities for Safety-Rated Control Circuits A truly reliable safety control system must work even when some parts fail. Force-guided relays are unseen components that add another level of ...

Reducing control panel lifecycle costs without sacrificing quality requires a panel-centric MRO strategy built on reliable, ...

Relays usually are driven using optocouplers, which offer isolation between analog and digital grounds to ensure that switching currents in the relay coils do not affect the noise margin of the ...

Per 2014 NEC Article 100, short circuit current rating (SCCR) is defined as: “The prospective symmetrical fault current at a nominal voltage to which an apparatus or system is able to be connected ...

Article 409 [Industrial Control Panels] of the National Electrical Code (NEC) has been a part of the Code since the 2005 edition. Industrial control panels are defined in Art. 100. Basically, these ...

In Part 1 of this two-part series, we presented a 3-phase, 480VAC motor circuit with its associated controls (Figure). We stepped through a logical, systematic approach to troubleshoot the main power ...