When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. A conceptual illustration of electrons spinning up and down. Scientists have described a ‘half ...

Magnetic materials in a quantum spin liquid phase are of great interest in the pursuit of exotic state of matter and quantum ...

The Ising model remains a cornerstone in the study of statistical mechanics, providing a simple yet profound framework for understanding cooperative phenomena and criticality in physical systems. By ...

Quantum phase transitions describe abrupt changes in the ground state of a quantum system at absolute zero when a control parameter is varied. They are distinguished from classical phase transitions ...

The melting of materials seems like a simple phenomenon. However, when their thickness is reduced to just a few atoms, established rules waver. In this two-dimensional mode, new states emerge between ...

Phase transitions as a research area investigates qualitative changes in the macroscopic state of matter or systems as control parameters such as temperature, pressure, or external fields are varied, ...

Rydberg atoms are atoms with one or more outer electrons excited to very high energy levels, which interact very strongly ...

Electrons can freeze into strange geometric crystals and then melt back into liquid-like motion under the right quantum conditions. Researchers identified how to tune these transitions and even ...

Physicists with the U.S. Department of Energy have discovered a new phase of matter—and, with apologies to George R. R. Martin, it's something of "a song of ice and fire." The new phase comes in the ...

When materials become just one atom thick, melting no longer follows the familiar rules. Instead of jumping straight from solid to liquid, an unusual in-between state emerges, where atomic positions ...

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