The fig wasp pollination mutualism is a quintessential example of an obligate ecological interaction, wherein minute pollinator wasps and their Ficus hosts engage in an intricate and enduring ...

Paleozoic marine ecosystems were marked by a diverse array of symbiotic interactions that have left a lasting imprint on the evolutionary history of life. These associations, ranging from mutualistic ...

Teamwork makes the dream work, even in nature. When different species work together for their mutual benefit, it is called symbiosis (or mutualism) — a process that is essential for the health of ...

There’s a beautiful example of symbiotic mutualism playing out in our oceans: the pairing of the great goby fish and pistol ...