While the decimal numbering system allows any digit in a number to have any of ten values (0-9), digits in hexadecimal numbers can have 16 (0-F), digits in octal numbers only eight (0-7) and ...

The octal number 40,000 corresponds to a decimal number of 16,384, and the DJIA closed at 16479.88 on December 26. The population of New York City, according to the 2010 census, was 8,175,133.

$ printf "octal: %o\nhex: %x\n" 42 42 octal: 52 hex: 2a Because of the notational convention mentioned earlier for non-decimal numbers in the shell, you also can specify an octal or hexadecimal value ...