In recent years, integration of the CALPHAD approach with key experiments has been demonstrated as an effective approach to determine complicated multi-component phase diagrams 22.

Compared to single-phase high-entropy carbide ceramics, the multi-phase multi-component carbides achieved by phase decomposition have a significant advantage in hardness and strength.

Hence, multi-component carbide ceramics have potential applications in the aerospace industry, nuclear industry, machinery, and metallurgy field, etc.