A vacuum arc can arise when the surfaces of metal electrodes in contact with a good vacuum begin to emit electrons either through heating (thermionic emission) or in an electric field that is sufficient to …

While it lacks a medium like air, the components inside the vacuum chamber—electrodes, insulators, and the chamber walls—are the source of the problem. The Role of the Electric Field A strong …

Once a positive voltage is applied, the air inside the vacuum tube is still ionized, providing the physical mechanism for electron cloud to flow across the vacuum to the other electrode.

An arc inside a test tube

The vacuum tube industry developed countless solutions for electrodes and their connection to the outside and consequently also developed many and many glass compositions.

3.1 Introduction A power grid tube is a device using the flow of free electrons in a vacuum to produce useful work [1]. It has an emitting surface (the cathode), one or more grids that con trol the flow of …

Vacuum arc remelting is a widely applied vacuum melting process used to control the solidification of segregation sensitive alloys. It is most commonly the final liquid metal processing step before forging.

A vacuum arc, then, burns in an enclosed volume that, at ignition, is a high vacuum. A characteristic feature of such an arc is that after igni-tion it produces its own vapor from the electrodes that is …

Conducting Particles Particles from Insulators MAIN INSULATOR CONSIDERATIONS Vacuum Insulator Breakdown Mechanisms Vacuum Insulator Geometry Vacuum Insulator Materials …

X-ray tube arcing is a dangerous phenomenon that can occur in all X-ray equipment as the tubes age. It is caused by a buildup of ions inside the vacuum tube environment over time due to outgassing from …