Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Principles and Applications
Jan 24, 2024 · The English chemist, Wollaston, was the first to observe dark lines in the solar spectrum that became known as Fraunhofer lines.In 1832, Brewster concluded that atomic vapors in the atmosphere absorbed some of the radiation from the Sun resulting in the detection of these lines. Bunsen and Kirchoff demonstrated soon after that each chemical element had a …
An Introduction to Transfection, Transfection Protocol and …
May 10, 2024 · In 1928, Griffith proposed the “transforming principle” having observed that bacterial cells could take up foreign hereditary genetic material. 1 This led to the discovery of DNA as that genetic material, 2 a discovery that enabled great strides in science. In the 1960s, viruses were employed to transfer genetic material into animal cells in a controlled manner and it was …
IR Spectroscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy: How an FTIR …
Apr 12, 2024 · The human eye can only see a small part of the much broader spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (Figure 1). On the high-energy side of the visible spectrum lies the ultraviolet (UV) region, while on the lower energy side is the infrared (IR).
GC-MS Principle, Instrument and Analyses and GC-MS/MS
Feb 16, 2024 · The sample mixture is first separated by the GC before the analyte molecules are eluted into the MS for detection. 1 They are transported by the carrier gas (Figure 1 (1)), which continuously flows through the GC and into the MS, where it is evacuated by the vacuum system (6). 1. The sample is first introduced into the GC manually or by an autosampler (Figure 1 (2)) …
An Introduction to Culturing Bacteria - Technology Networks
Jan 24, 2024 · Whichever medium is chosen, this may be in liquid form as a broth culture, or agar may be added to set the media and allow bacterial cells to be grown on a solid surface.. Culture broth. Culture in liquid media, also known as a broth culture, gives the bacteria present easy access to the available nutrients compared to static bacterial colonies.
Protein Purification: Techniques and Protocols Explained
Jul 5, 2024 · Protein purification is a process in molecular biology and biochemistry that involves isolating a specific protein from a complex mixture, often sourced from cells, tissues or other biological materials. 1, 2 This process is essential in many fields including: Biological research: to develop reagents like enzymes and antibodies that can be used as molecular biology tools for …
Mann-Whitney U Test: Assumptions and Example - Technology …
Mar 25, 2024 · The Mann-Whitney U Test, also known as the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, is a non-parametric statistical test used to compare two samples or groups. In this article, we explore the basics of the Test and work through an example.
B Cells, Memory B Cells and Plasma Cells: B Cell Activation ...
Mar 19, 2024 · B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are immune cells that drive the humoral adaptive immune response.They are one of three types of lymphocyte in the adaptive immune response – the others being T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. 1 B cells are distinguished by their ability to produce antibodies (known as immunoglobulins (Ig) when attached to B cells via …
Genetic Modification Techniques and Applications
Jan 4, 2024 · As mentioned, different types of genetic modification can be made, including: Gene knockout – the removal or inactivation of a target gene.; Deletion mutation – the removal of one or more nucleotides from a genetic sequence.; Insertion mutation – the addition of one or more nucleotides into a genetic sequence.; Substitution mutation – the switching out of one or more …
NMR Spectroscopy Principles, Interpreting an NMR Spectrum and …
Feb 22, 2024 · Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a physicochemical technique used to obtain structural information about molecules. It is based on the physical phenomenon of magnetic resonance that was first demonstrated by Isidor I. Rabi in 1938.