In Jess Nguyen’s urchin tethering study, one striking result was the effect of predator diversity. “Finding that reefs with more predator species had faster urchin predation really showed the importance of predator diversity, not just abundance,” Jess explains. �Different species target urchins in different ways - some go after small juveniles, others feed at night, and large males like the groper flip over hefty adults. Together, this diversity keeps pressure on every size class of urchin, redu

In nature, a keystone species is one that holds an entire ecosystem together — remove it, and the balance collapses. Think... wolves in Yellowstone... or bees in a wild meadow. Inside you, the same truth applies. Your gut is a living ecosystem, and certain microbes act like keystone species — guiding balance, regeneration, and communication between trillions of others. That’s where living ferments like our kombucha and water kefir come in. They reintroduce beneficial microbes and organic acids t